Substation, its function and types an electrical substation is an assemblage of electrical components including busbars, switchgear, power transformers, auxiliaries etc. Kel37 page 2 substation equipment s and its function distribution system the major function of distribution system is to provide power to individual consumer requirement. Components and substations for electrical transmission and. The electricity substation is a network of electrical equipment which is connected in a structured way in order to supply electricity to end consumers. In the 1980s, a substation automation system was introduced to the transmission and distribution sector in substations, making the engineering easier and also reducing the cost. Electrical substation equipment for transferring of electrical power from generating unit to distributing units various types of electrical equipment are required.
Requirements and functions of substation automation. The electrical substation is the part of a power system in which the voltage. Substation equipment in this section we describe the function and operating principles of the following power. Solutions for electrical substation maintenance smc. This is the first question, you can expect during any interview you face. One system integrator has been incorporating comtrols rocketport card within their substation management. It protects other substation equipment from lightning and switching surges by suppressing them to ground.
Substation equipment and its function 2 linkedin slideshare. Dc power is used to feed essential services such as circuit breaker trip coils and associated relays, supervisory control and data acquisition scada. Increased performance and reliability of electrical protection. Advances in substation equipment technology have led to increased unit capacity, smaller size, and environmental preservation. Indoor substations equipment is reliably protected from adverse weather conditions indoors. The input for a distribution substation is typically at least two transmission or subtransmission lines. Based on the availability of different resources, substations are building at different locations, but these locations may not be closer to load centers. The electrical substation does not have a single circuit but is composed of numerous outgoing and incoming circuits which are connected to a busbar i. The battery charging equipments comprises of a float charger and a boost charger. The purpose of the database is to provide a basis for developing or improving equipment vulnerability functions. The equipment like bus bars, isolator, power transformer etc. Prepared by the subcommittee on the design of substation structures of the. Customer substation manual 6272019 preface page 8 of 82 010.
Part 1 also provides an overview of substation major equipment, explaining the mission, and arrangement of each component. Intermediate substations convert power to their customers. Substation automation development images from industrial ethernet book, christoph brunner. The need for a communication system which can connect the different types of relays from. The substation design manual is not intended to replace asset management standards, but rather to act as a reference document that crossreferences existing standards and process documentation and plugs any gaps where asset management documentation does not exist. All of the building blocks are based on state of the art numerical technology, compatible with conventional equipment. Improvement of fragilities for electrical substation equipment. Lightning arrestor is the first equipment of the substation connecting the incoming transmission lines. Below is the list of some of the important components of substation.
Electrical substation components, workings and their functions. A failure of only one substation equipment can cause a grid collapse, which may cost a large time and money to solve, so that the substation maintenance programs limit the risk of unexpected outages by identifying and preventing potential problems. Integration of protection, control, and data acquisition functions into a minimal number of platforms to reduce capital and operating costs, reduce panel and control room space, and eliminate redundant equipment and databases. Substation interview questions answers engineering tutorial. System architecture device interfaces and communication protocols in a substation that you configure and operate with sicam pas, you can use various types of protection units, ieds, bay control units, measuredvalue recorders and telecontrol units from a wide range of manufacturers. Substation automation includes a complete range of flexible object terminals, including all necessary functions for substation control and substation monitoring systems. Substations volume i design parameters a pdh online. Stabilization output voltage is provided in the float charger to float the battery at the correct level. With your download, get the 23 best papers relevant to this one, including 17 top related papers. The universal relay is the engine for substation automation. Distribution substation a distribution substation transfers power from the transmission system to the distribution system of an area.
Main tasks associated with major substations in the transmission and ditribution system include following. There is numerous electrical substation components like outgoing and incoming circuitry each of which having its circuit breakers, isolators, transformers, and busbar system etc for the smooth functioning of the system. Ac power is required for substation building small power, lighting, heating and ventilation, some communications equipment, switchgear operating mechanisms, anticondensation heaters and motors. Wherever you are, siemens is your reliable partner for the onestop planning and construction of customized, stateoftheart highvoltage. Depending on the design there are indoor and outdoor substations. Introduction in our present society that is greatly dependent on electric power, substation technology plays an important role in the stable and highquality transmission of electric energy. The smart substation should make full use of advanced technologies, such as big data, mobile interconnection, artificial intelligence, and image recognition, to realize the intelligent operation and maintenance of substation equipment in the mode of highest efficiency and lowest cost, with the functions of. The lowest level is the power system equipment, such as transformers and circuit breakers. Kel37 page 2 substation equipments and its function distribution system the major function of distribution system is to provide power to individual consumer requirement. Lightning arrestors also placed in the substation between both the ends of major equipment such as power transformers for protection. The electrical substation design is a complex method with full of engineer planning. The substation equipment and their functions mainly include the following. The new, improved technology can thus be implemented step by.
Substation equipments and functions 50 hr interview questions and answers sai saikumar jn 1. Substation equipment an overview sciencedirect topics. What is a electrical substation definition, layout, and. To better understand the importance of electrical substations, lets start with a discussion about the structure of the power systems and their. The electrical substation components are essential for installation of the substation. The key steps in the substation designing include switchingsystem, planning and placing of equipment, selection of components as well as ordering, support of engineers, structural design, the design of electrical layout, protection of relay, and major apparatus ratings. A mini project report on operation and maintenance of 2202kv substation submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in electrical and electronics engineering submitted by v. Many failures can be detected during the electrical substation maintenance routines, reducing the risk of significant plant downtime, and preventing future problems. Comunication protocols the ieee defines communications protocol as. Electrical substation components list diagram, working. Transmission, sub transmission and distribution substation 4. Different types of relays and their working elprocus.
Substation automation an overview sciencedirect topics. It means having an intelligent, interactive power distribution network including. The need of keeping the reliability of power systems requires suitable substation maintenance. Tikhodeev encyclopedia of life support systems eolss into substation equipment systems. Electric substations with equipment used to convert highvoltage, extrahighvoltage ehv, or ultrahighvoltage uhv transmission lines to the intermediate voltage subtransmission lines or to switch subtransmission circuits operating at voltages in the range of 34. Substation definition n critical for generation, transmission, and distribution system n performs several important switching functions n may have various voltage levels before it reaches the customer n owned and operated by an electrical utility or a large industrialcommercial customer. At present, the demand for electrical power is growing rapidly, and this can be fulfilled by the power generating substations. Switchgear equipment performs two separate functions. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Introduction to substations annotated instructors guide module overview this module introduces trainees to the function of substations at all levels of the power grid, with an introduction to typical substation components included. A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system.
Bus bars are the conductors to which a number of incoming and outgoing circuits are connected. The intelligence for monitoring all functions that take place within each substation is housed in a small building. Distribution voltages are typically medium voltage, between 2. Consider also that systems from separate vendors often are used. Requirements and functions of substation automation introduction substation automation is the cutting edge technology in electrical engineering. Seismic response and reliability of electrical substation. Highvoltage substations, the node points of todays complex power transmission infrastructure, play a key role in meeting this demand safely and reliably. The course begins with a very general overview of the types of substations and their functions and then explains issues with siting a substation including weather and environmental issues. Fundamentals of modern electrical substations part 1. The substation receives electrical energy directly from generating stations through incoming power supply lines while it delivers electricity to the consumers. Deployment of substation and feeder operating functions and applica.
Basic substation configurations and the components. These components are connected in a definite sequence such that a circuit can be switched off during normal operation by manual command and also automatically during abnormal. Management science by aryasri ebook pdf free download click here to download. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. A substation has several equipments which are briefly discussed below. Unesco eolss sample chapters electrical energy systems components and substations for electrical transmission and distribution systems b. Trends in power systems protection and substation automation. Substation automation configuration substation automation systems can have several 10s to 100 different programmable devices. A substation automation system sas provides facility to control and monitor all the equipment in the substation locally as well as remotely. Supply of electric power to different consumers is done at low voltage level. Main tasks associated with major substations in the.
Many outgoing and incoming circuits are connected to it busbars. Moreover, the standard allows a free allocation of these functions and accepts any system philosophy, from a distributed architecture e. Maintenance and operation of an electrical substation of. Solutions for electrical substation maintenance a well planned electrical substation maintenance assures reliable supply and reduction in failures. Substation is integral part of a power system and form important links between the generating station, transmission systems, distribution systems and the load points. There are different types of power generating substations like thermal, atomic, and hydroelectric. Data were summarized by earthquake, site, and equipment.
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